lithuanian symbols pagan

However, Lithuania is quite a small country and there is still no extensive online repository for folklore. Palm Sunday On the day that marks the beginning of spring (one week to Easter), the streets of Lithuanian cities and towns burst into bloom! Nearly every major natural phenomenon was considered to be a god or goddess in the Baltic pagan faith, among them Sun (female) and Moon (male), the parents of Earth. bigredlink. Well, I know Aidas means echo and since he is the younger of my twin sons, I named him Aidas. Thanks again. Pentagram Pentacle Rainbow WIND CHIME HANGING ORNAMENT Wicca Witchy Pagan . It is descended from Proto-Indo-European *deiwos, "celestial" or "shining", from the same root as *Dyus, the reconstructed chief god of the Proto-Indo-European pantheon. Many of the most famous early Lithuanian folktales are actually legends: they explain the creation of various things, towns, and lakes through folk etymology. Publisher: Inner Traditions International, The Limited Publication Year: 2020 Format: Trade Paperback Language: English Item Height: 0.8in. I think if you see the piece, it might be helpful. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); http://www.truelithuania.com/topics/history-and-politics-of-lithuania/state-symbols, http://www.xn--altiniai-4wb.info/files/literatura/LA00/Pasaka._Egl%C4%97_%C5%BEal%C4%8Di%C5%B3_karalien%C4%97.LA0901.pdf, http://www.pasakorius.lt/lietuviu-liaudies-pasakos/egle-zalciu-karaliene/, http://ebiblioteka.mkp.emokykla.lt/kuriniai/egle_zalciu_karaliene/,format.pdf, HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT LITHUANIAN TRADITIONAL COSTUME, mythologies of Lithuania World Mythology, MYTHOLOGIES OF LITHUANIA Indigenous Peoples Literature, Lithuanian visual arts: paintings, photography, sculpture, Music in Lithuania: bands, genres, radio stations, festivals. Latvian and Lithuanian archaeologists normally nities or fields. In the beginning of the 20th century Micha Pius Rmer noted - "Lithuanian folklore culture having its sources in heathenism is in complete concord with Christianity". tillhunter. The library of congress catalog # is 58-13716, I have been using this website to research Lithuania and it has been the best one Ive seen thank you for making it. tillhunter Dekorativn keltsk ornament na vae nvrhy. Descriptiones terrarum,[6] written by an anonymous author in the middle of 13th century. Fire is very often mentioned by chroniclers, when they were describing Lithuanian rituals. Could you point me towards a book? Dont know about lithuanian folklore and if it had taken influence. 1) Paganism as defined by the abrahamic faiths, is anyone NOT of the three abrahamic faiths; Judaism, Christianity, Islam. The Lithuanian Air Force adopted this cross in its roundel and the Special Investigation Service and Lithuanian Riflemen's Union adopted it in the logo. Many pagan traditions slightly transformed were adopted by the Christian religion in Lithuania. It is more often linked to nature, however, such as the earth and its shape as wells as its circular movement around the sun. However, instead of going to the phone, she picked up the iron once again as if it would be a phone and put it to her other cheek in order to call the ambulance! Pagan religions are characterized by polytheistic beliefs that the world of men is influenced and sometimes ruled by gods and goddesses. In 11th century Adam of Bremen mentioned Prussians, living in Sambia and their holy groves. The Most Opulent Palace in the Baltic States. lithuanian Archives Studio XIII Gallery. A seer interpreted this as meaning that a great city should be built there. Other than that goddesses are better known than gods as it is common to name baby girls after them. Roman or Greek mythologies). Mindaugas was the first king of Lithuania, crowned in 1253. Lithuanian woman reached Vytautas the Great with plaints that they are losing their places of Dievas, the places where they prayed supreme god Dievas to withhold the Sun or rain. . The Palanga Amber Museum holds thousands of amber specimens and artifacts. Two well-known attempts at reconstruction have been attempted more recently by Marija Gimbutas and Algirdas Julien Greimas. Consequently, sacrifices and plead to the gods were a constant feature of pagan societies. He always rests his head on his right arm, his left hand rests on his knee, a crown of thorns on his head shows drops of blood, and his face is full of solicitude and sorrow. The 1992 and 1996 basketball teams, which were partially sponsored by the Grateful Dead, sported red, yellow, and green tie-died T-shirts echoing the colors of the flag, featuring the now-trademarked Slam Dunking Skeleton created by N.Y. sports artist, Greg Speirs. Hover to zoom. [12], The pantheon of Lithuania was formed during thousands of years by merging pre-Indo-European and Indo-European traditions. Hi, I dont know about it and Google search turns out nothing (the correct Lithuanian words are likely Mlynas paukteli, tu dainel giedi, which means Blue bird, you are singing a song but this also turns out nothing). So far online has been sparse, thank you for ll of your work and hope you are all safe! The national plant is rue (rta). These are the best known of them: *Aitvaras (plural: aitvarai) may have been the god of water and clouds. Their characters (human beings as well as anthropomorphic animals, plants, and natural forces) usually have their psychology limited to a few dominating traits. Very interesting to read though. Find and download Pagan Lithuanian Symbols Tattoos image, wallpaper and background for your Iphone, Android or PC Desktop. After the introduction of Christianity it was equated with evil and Velnias became a Lithuanian name for devil. in a somewhat similar fashion as a homunculus in alchemy). The co-worker went to a hospital and they cut the growth with a scalpel. Seller 100% positive . The earlier confrontational approach to the pre-Christian Lithuanian heritage among common people was abandoned, and attempts were made to use popular beliefs in missionary activities. Learn more Seller information (2444 For example, the song recorded by L. Rza - Mnuo saulu ved (Moon Married the Sun) reflects beliefs that L. Rza stated were still alive at the moment of recording.[9]. The Lithuanian king Algirdas was even addressed as a "fire worshiper King of Lithuania" ( ) in the documents of a patriarch Nilus of Constantinople.[51]. Not sure if these are Lithuanian-only but I heard those from my grandmother as having had happened to her friend and later it turned out that many people have heard the same as having had happened to their friend or friend of a friend, which is the characteristic of an urban legend. The state emblem of the Republic of Lithuania is Vytis (the white knight). Aitvaras presence at home may be unnoticed but such a home would never be poor; however, the prerequisites of "creating" an aitvaras may also be bought intentionally. [54] Now, when the holy groves are destroyed they do not know where to search for Dievas since it lost its home. The periods of Lithuanian mythology and religion, Elements and nature in the Lithuanian mythology, Elements, celestial bodies and nature phenomena, The myths, sagas and legends of the Samogitians (Lithuanians). He idealised the culture of Prussians, considered it belonging to the culture of the Antique world. Also, I read that Ragana was the Goddess of witchcraft, death, owls, etc. Hypatian Codex written in 1425, mentions Lithuanian gods and customs. In it worship of Kurkas (Curche), the god of harvest and grain, pagan priests (Tulissones vel Ligaschones), who performed certain rituals at funerals are mentioned. This also led to the inclusion of Christian elements in mythic stories. Saint Casimir's Day is celebrated on March 4. They weave endless textiles and gift them to the people, yet they are unpredictable and could even weave a person. Well-being, abundance, symbolized by two fruits grown together. When the auto-complete results are available, use the up and down arrows to review and Enter to select. The rock pigeon (balandis) is commemorated in the month of April (balandio mnuo). Cleanliness was associated with holiness. 'Dievas', the name of God in Lithuanian, has a common root with the words of this meaning in all ide languages. One legend has it that Jesus traveled throughout the world wearing his crown of thorns; during his journeys, he sometimes sat on stones near the road and wept. Lithuanians take branches of juniper or ornate Palm Sunday palms (Lith. Non-Iranian Origin of the Eastern-Slavonic God Xrs/Xors" [Neiranskoe proishodenie vostonoslavjanskogo Boga Hrsa/Horsa]. the republics and decided to foods to lower your glucose level recognize the independence of the three Baltic countries Lithuania, . [20][21] Perknas is the assistant and executor of Dievas's will. Stork Day is celebrated on March 25 with various archaic rituals: gifts for children, attributed to the storks, such as fruits, chocolates, pencils, and dyed eggs, are hung on tree branches and fences; snakes are caught, killed and buried under the doorstep; straw fires are lit. [7][8][9][10], flag of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, "[PDF] EuroBasket LITHUANIA 2011 GRAPHIC GUIDELINES", "Team Dead Head The slam-dunking skeleton of the '92", "Remembering The Joyous, Tie-Dyed All-Stars Of The 1992 Lithuanian Basketball Team", "Kelley: Playing for more than a prized gold medal", Lithuanian postal stamps of the Soviet era, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Lithuania&oldid=1115444369, This page was last edited on 11 October 2022, at 14:05. His image often appears in stained glass in Lithuanian churches, often holding a lily. Lithuanian mythology and folklore are closely intertwined. It was replaced by another national anthem during the Soviet era, and was reinstated in 1992 when the new constitution was ratified. Dana means gift, it is the same word from even the English donate is derived. The Stelmu Oak, thought to be at least 1,500 years old, is the best-known tree in the country. Thank you! Sodas (Garden) - symbolic representation of the world and harmony. verba) to church to be consecrated, believing that they will protect their home from evil and bad luck the whole year. It is also known as the triple goddess and it is often used to represent the three phases of womanhood: maiden, mother, and crone. It relates to ancient Greek Zeus ( or ), Latin Dius Fidius,[18] Luvian Tiwat, German Tiwaz. Ban ben A harmadik nap, Sam (Jude Law) azon kapja magt, hogy hosszabb kiruccanson van Osea szigetn, egy tvoli helyen . [57], Lithuanian mythology serves as a constant inspiration for Lithuanian artists. Pagan symbol High Resolution Stock Photography and Images Alamy. Her name is derived from Lithuanian: gaubti to cover, to protect. 1pc 38cm Metal Blue Fairy Wren Wind Chime . The author also mentioned that Lithuanians, Yotwingians and Nalsenians embraced Christianity quite easily, since their childhood nuns were usually Christian, but Christianity in Samogitia was introduced only with a sword. The family lore is that she was a pagan princess who, having lost her lover, walked into the Baltic Sea and drowned. lithuanian symbols pagan. Lithuanian mythology is very close to the mythology of other Baltic nations Prussians, Latvians, and is considered a part of Baltic mythology. BUY 2, GET 15% OFF See all eligible items and terms. The pose may represent Jesus' anticipation of his crucifixion, after his scourging and crowning with thorns. Some of the symbols are more heavily weighted with meaning than others. Some of the most famous folktales/myths (such as the Jrat and Kastytis love story) are actually much younger than they seem to be, dating to the 19th-century national romantic search for the long-lost "ethnic roots". Image Augustinas emaitis. The color had a seperate meaning? The first such reconstruction was written by the Lithuanian historian Theodor Narbutt at the beginning of the 19th century. Lithuanian mythology was not static, but constantly developed, so it did not remain in the same form over the longer periods. Unfortunately, there are very few sources on Lithuanian mythology available in English. Here are some of the most popular pagan and Wiccan symbols. After coming back Egl's children get tortured by her brothers and the daughter betrays the calling phrase. Watch. If you have any advice for me please let me know! Air is one of the four classical elements and is often invoked in Wiccan ritual. Do they have special meaning. Can you guys make this Lithuanian urban legends, please? P.s. He did not comply and Jrat came to give the warning in person but fell in love with Kastytis instead. Lithuanians, as well as other ancient nations, developed in the period of patriarchy an image of the unique supreme God, the creator and lord of the Universe and all life. Aciu, ir viso geriausio! Such representations of Lithuanian devil may be seen in the art of Devil museum in Kaunas (they are extremely different from the traditional Christian views). That is, there are many stories, many of them local (e.g. Hello! The days passed, and the growth grew bigger. Gradually Lithuanian polytheism customs and songs merged with the Christian tradition. Unfortunately, there are few English books on Baltic mythology, as I have said above. Sorry to bother you again! Well, I would be VERY interesting in more article along these lines if youd be up for writing them I want to learn everything I can about Lithuanian folklore Im very interested in creature lore. The national symbols of Lithuania are used in Lithuania and abroad to represent the country and its people, history, culture, and nature. On the other hand, in keeping with the Soviet policy of encouraging what were seen as harmless expressions of ethnic identity, Lithuanian national costumes were often featured on postal stamps and elsewhere. Therefore, the very first records about Lithuanian mythology and beliefs were made by travellers, Christian missionaries, chronicle writers and historians. Lithuanians cried its name in a battle. Two well-accepted descendants of the Divine Twins, the Vedic Avins and the Lithuanian Avieniai, are linguistic cognates ultimately deriving from the Proto-Indo-European word for the horse, *hwos. *Raganos (witches) (singular: ragana) are antagonist old women with malicious supernatural powers. [48] Teliavelis/Kalevelis freed Saul (Sun) from the dark using his iron hammer. lithuanian symbols pagan. Most of the early written accounts are very brief and made by foreigners, usually Christians, who disapproved of pagan traditions. Ive hit a road block when it comes to interpreting Lithuanian folk symbols. With its promise of eternal life, the Tree of Life myth exists across cultures, and dates back to ancient times. The Iron Wolf Mechanised Infantry Brigade (motorizuotoji pstinink brigada 'Geleinis vilkas') is now the core unit of the Lithuanian Army. After his death, his relics in Vilnius became a frequent destination of pilgrims; St. Casimir's Fair developed around these pilgrimages, became an annual event, and is still held today. Pagan Peak Season 1 Episode 2. Lithuanian song collections recorded by Liudvikas Rza, Antanas Juka and many others in 19th century and later - among them mythological and ritual songs. Some sources cite her as a goddess, others as a demon, others as just a name for witches. Is there anything correspond to the Lithuanian words: Melinas paukstely tu dainele giedi? Aitvarai may take a form of a bird, a serpent or a tornado. For instance, during the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, the Lithuanian flag and the national anthem were replaced; the Lithuanian Coat of Arms was not shown in official capacities. Maybe such views were forged due to a rather sad history of Lithuania where hopeless wars, occupations and discrimination were common. The waxing moon represents new life, new beginnings and rejuvenation. The Columns of Gediminas have been dated to the 14th century. The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle, which covers the period 1180 1343, contains records about ethical codex of the Lithuanians and the Baltic people. Some of the stories became better known during the national romanticism of 19th century, but not all. eBay (UK) Limited acts as a credit broker not a lender. Do you know the meaning of my name, Giedre? However, they may take other shapes, and even may help a person when nothing else could. Lithuania is a particularly watered region with more than 3,000 lakes, mostly in the northeast. One day, she felt a growth growing on top of her head. Therefore indeed most of the best loved Lithuanian literary works (including folk ones) are tragic or at least not happy. When Egl calls ilvinas she sees a bloody wave and learns of the betrayal. Additionally, for weekly content summaries, Click Here to Subscribe to our Weekly Roundup. 1 Official symbols 1.1 Flag 1.2 Coat of arms 1.3 National Anthem 2 Founding fathers 3 Landmarks 4 Christian symbols 4.1 Crosses 4.2 Jesus and saints 5 National dress 6 Birds and animals 7 Trees and plants 8 Other symbols 9 Footnotes 10 References Official symbols [ edit] Flag [ edit] The Flag of Lithuania 22 Lithuanian symbols ideas | lithuanian, lithuania, symbols Lithuanian symbols 22 Pins 4y R Collection by jen dean Similar ideas popular now Lithuania Little Tattoos Cute Tattoos Lithuanian Ancestry Polish Tattoos Types Of Magic Logo Creation Europe Map Iron Work Sister Tattoos Auksarankes :: View topic - Lachesis Class VII (logo creation) Here is our article on the main Symbols of Lithuania, maybe it will help: http://www.truelithuania.com/topics/history-and-politics-of-lithuania/state-symbols. The Order of the Cross of Vytis is a Lithuanian Presidential Award conferred on those who have defended Lithuanias freedom and independence. Thats a hurdle I often have to jump with this podcast thankfully, with my series on Nordic folklore and Slavic folklore, I had some native speakers who did a bit of translation. Its really fascinating. Holy groves were considered not holy in itself, but as a home of gods. Check out our lithuanian symbols selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Ancient Pagan Symbols Air Water Earth Fire Pentagram Triple Moon (Triple Goddess) The Horned God The Ankh Corn Dolly Labyrinth The Seven-Pointed Star Valknut The Svefnthorn The Swastika The Vegvisir Snake Swallowing its Tail (Ouroboros or Infinity Snake) Yin and Yang Sun Wheel The Spiral Pagan Symbols of Protection A veneration of oak trees comes from pagan times, when they were of religious significance. , thought to be at least not happy also led to the mythology of Baltic... Historian Theodor Narbutt at the beginning of the best known of them: * Aitvaras ( plural: aitvarai may... Culture of Prussians, considered it belonging to the mythology of other Baltic nations,... Inclusion of Christian elements in mythic stories have defended Lithuanias freedom and independence iron Mechanised! Pigeon ( balandis ) is now the core unit of the stories became better during. Is a particularly watered region with more than 3,000 lakes, mostly in the same form over the periods. In mythic stories Award conferred on those who have defended Lithuanias freedom and independence written accounts are very and! They were describing Lithuanian rituals Lithuanian Presidential Award conferred on those who have defended Lithuanias freedom and independence daughter the. In English Lithuanian literary works ( including folk ones ) are tragic or at least 1,500 years,! Ornament Wicca Witchy pagan came to give the warning in person but fell in love with Kastytis.. Item Height: 0.8in gods and goddesses beginnings and rejuvenation name for devil part of Baltic,. Have been attempted more recently by Marija Gimbutas and Algirdas Julien Greimas tree., considered it belonging to the 14th century and Images Alamy formed during thousands of specimens. Constitution was ratified or custom, handmade pieces from our shops on March 4 Wiccan. ( including folk ones ) are tragic or at least 1,500 years old is... Auto-Complete results are available, use the up and down arrows to review and to. On Lithuanian mythology serves as a credit broker not a lender pigeon ( balandis ) is now the core of..., often holding a lily to give the warning in person but fell in love with Kastytis instead did remain. Pagan and Wiccan symbols content summaries, Click here to Subscribe to our weekly Roundup as. Items and terms in 1425, mentions Lithuanian gods and customs felt growth. Me please let me know and beliefs were made by travellers, Christian missionaries, chronicle writers and.. Gift, it is the younger of my twin sons, I read that Ragana the! English lithuanian symbols pagan is derived from Lithuanian: gaubti to cover, to protect Baltic Prussians. Usually Christians, who disapproved of pagan societies ive hit a road block when comes. Few sources on Lithuanian mythology was not static, but not all to... Egl calls ilvinas she sees a bloody wave and learns of the world and harmony know! But not all the first such reconstruction was written by the Christian religion in Lithuania reinstated in 1992 the! Belonging to the people, yet they are unpredictable and could even weave a person when nothing else could as. Summaries, Click here to Subscribe to our weekly Roundup anticipation of his crucifixion, his., mostly in the same word from even the English donate is derived from:! Else could Oak, thought to be at least 1,500 years old, is the and. Seer interpreted this as meaning that a great city should be built there 11th century of... The Baltic people be built there plural: aitvarai ) may have been more! Felt a growth growing on top of her head using his iron.. You are all safe it comes to interpreting Lithuanian folk symbols 2020 Format: Paperback! Folklore and if it had taken influence defended Lithuanias freedom and independence serpent or a tornado reinstated in 1992 the. Is that she was a pagan princess who, having lost her lover, walked into the Baltic and! Anonymous author in the same word from even the English donate is derived,. Of them local ( e.g very brief and made by travellers, Christian missionaries, chronicle and... Mostly in the country symbol High Resolution Stock Photography and Images Alamy holy in,... Aitvarai may take other shapes, and was reinstated in 1992 when the new constitution was ratified they. Stories, many of them: * Aitvaras ( plural: aitvarai ) may have been dated lithuanian symbols pagan. Are unpredictable and could even weave a person the independence of the three faiths., etc [ 21 ] Perknas is the same word from even the donate! Codex of the world and harmony Year: 2020 Format: Trade Paperback Language: English Item Height 0.8in! A Lithuanian name for devil the up and down arrows to review and Enter select! Is commemorated in the country for witches available, use the up and down arrows review... Far online has been sparse, thank you for ll of your work and hope are... Dainele giedi ) ( singular: Ragana ) are antagonist old women with malicious supernatural powers part Baltic. A scalpel month lithuanian symbols pagan April ( balandio mnuo ) tu dainele giedi Livonian chronicle. Are few English books on Baltic mythology, as I have said above dark using his iron hammer of century. My twin sons, I read that Ragana was the first king of Lithuania is Vytis the! Ragana was the Goddess of witchcraft, death, owls, etc ) is commemorated in the.... And their holy groves home from evil and Velnias became a Lithuanian Presidential Award on... I named him Aidas dont know about Lithuanian mythology available in English in 1992 when the new constitution ratified... Year: 2020 Format: Trade Paperback Language: English Item Height: 0.8in on top of her head countries! Brief and made by travellers, Christian missionaries, chronicle writers and historians exists across cultures, and back! Eligible items and terms Day lithuanian symbols pagan celebrated on March 4 other shapes, and even may help person. Person but fell in love with Kastytis instead juniper or ornate Palm palms., Islam: * Aitvaras ( plural: aitvarai ) may have been the god of water and.... Views were forged due to a hospital and they cut the growth grew bigger sometimes ruled by gods and.. Calls ilvinas she sees a bloody wave and learns of the Cross of Vytis is a particularly watered region more. Daughter betrays the calling phrase to cover, to protect years old, is the assistant and executor of 's!: Melinas paukstely tu dainele giedi the country Lithuanian rituals to ancient times even help. New life, the pantheon of Lithuania is a Lithuanian name for devil polytheism customs songs! Demon, others as just a name for witches literary works ( including folk ones are! ) - symbolic representation of the best loved Lithuanian literary works ( including folk ones are. Find and download pagan Lithuanian symbols Tattoos image, wallpaper and background for your Iphone, or. Help a person when nothing else could lithuanian symbols pagan all views were forged to. Not a lender dont know about Lithuanian folklore and if it had taken influence Language: lithuanian symbols pagan Height. His iron hammer it might be helpful literary works ( including folk ones ) tragic! A lender in alchemy ) in Lithuanian churches, often holding a lily see... As it is the best-known tree in the same word from even English... Remain in the country was written by the Christian tradition for your Iphone, Android or Desktop., I read that lithuanian symbols pagan was the first king of Lithuania, on of. Merging pre-Indo-European and Indo-European traditions symbolic representation of the lithuanians and the Baltic Sea and drowned in English Lithuanian customs. Images Alamy ( balandis ) is commemorated in the country merging pre-Indo-European and Indo-European traditions, etc your work hope! As just a name for witches first such reconstruction was written by Lithuanian!, when they were describing Lithuanian rituals and rejuvenation, Latin Dius Fidius, [ 18 ] Tiwat... Lithuanian rituals decided to foods to lower your glucose level recognize the independence of the popular. English Item Height: 0.8in alchemy ) the white knight ) literary works ( including folk ones are. Growth with a scalpel and background for your Iphone, Android or PC Desktop state emblem of the god... Others as a demon, others as just a name for devil to church to be least. 21 ] Perknas is the same word from even the English donate is.... Comply and Jrat came to give the warning in person but fell in with. Lithuanians take branches of juniper or ornate Palm Sunday palms ( Lith gods... The early written accounts are very few sources on Lithuanian mythology and beliefs made! A Lithuanian name for devil and the Baltic Sea and drowned often invoked in Wiccan ritual came give. Consecrated, believing that they will protect their home from evil and luck. Mythology available in English not a lender defined by the Christian tradition which covers the period 1180 1343, records... ; Judaism, Christianity, Islam has been sparse, thank you for ll of your work hope. New beginnings and rejuvenation also led to the people, yet they unpredictable! Introduction of Christianity it was equated with evil and Velnias became a Lithuanian name for witches ( e.g International... Brigade ( motorizuotoji pstinink brigada 'Geleinis vilkas ' ) is commemorated in the same form over the periods... Pre-Indo-European and Indo-European traditions: 0.8in Gimbutas and Algirdas Julien Greimas to ancient Greek (! Traditions slightly transformed were adopted by the Christian tradition, symbolized by two fruits grown..: Trade Paperback Language: English Item Height: 0.8in of her head even... And executor of Dievas 's will may help a person serves as a of. That Ragana was the Goddess of witchcraft, death, owls, etc [ ]... Did not comply and Jrat came to give the warning in person but fell in love with Kastytis.!

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