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In the Ottoman period, it was first granted to Nianc Feridun Ahmed Bey in the 16th century, before being granted by Sultan Murad IV to the Safavid Emir Gne Han in the 17th century, hence the name Emirgan. [88] The population of Istanbul began to rapidly increase in the 1970s, as people from Anatolia migrated to the city to find employment in the many new factories that were built on the outskirts of the sprawling metropolis. The Municipal Council is responsible for citywide issues, including managing the budget, maintaining civic infrastructure, and overseeing museums and major cultural centers. Beikta JK, established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs. The 4th century Harbor of Theodosius in Yenikap, once the busiest port in Constantinople, was among the numerous archeological discoveries that took place during the excavations of the Marmaray tunnel.[26]. In 1930, the city's name was officially changed to Istanbul, the Turkish rendering of (romanized: eis tn Plin; 'to the City'), the appellation Greek speakers used since the 11th century to colloquially refer to the city. Sabiha Gken International, 45 kilometers (28mi) southeast of the city center, on the Asian side, was opened in 2001 to relieve Atatrk. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk became the Republic's first President. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. The Ottoman Parliament was dissolved by the Allies on 11 April 1920 and the Ottoman delegation led by Damat Ferid Pasha was forced to sign the Treaty of Svres on 10 August 1920. [22] An alternative view is that the name evolved directly from the name Constantinople, with the first and third syllables dropped. Apart from the city's numerous stadiums, sports halls and concert halls, there are several open-air venues for concerts and festivals, such as the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre in Harbiye, Paraf Kurueme Open-Air on the Bosphorus shore in Kurueme, and Parkorman in the forest of Maslak. [238], Beyolu has been transformed into the artistic center of the city, with young artists and older Turkish artists formerly residing abroad finding footing there. [191], Arabs form the city's other largest ethnic minority, with an estimated population of more than 2 million. Compare Moscow (Russia) to Filter R andom Map Iceberg A-68 Abbottabad city (Pakistan) Abkhazia Acre Australian Capital Territory Andorra Adriatic sea Adygea (Russia) UAE (United Arab Emirates) Afghanistan [158] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. The annual Istanbul Jazz Festival has been held every year since 1994. Popular during the summer among Istanbulites is Belgrad Forest, spreading across 5,500 hectares (14,000 acres) at the northern edge of the city. [h], The Sinan Erdem Dome, among the largest indoor arenas in Europe, hosted the final of the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, as well as the 201112 Euroleague and 201617 EuroLeague Final Fours. In 2016, the airport served over 83 million passengers. Compare Popular size comparisons Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. As the eastern capital of the empire, the city was named Nova Roma; most called it Constantinople, a name that persisted into the 20th century. [306] Sultan Abdlmecid I issued Samuel Morse his first official honor for the telegraph in 1847, and construction of the first telegraph linebetween Istanbul and Edirnefinished in time to announce the end of the Crimean War in 1856. The O-7 motorway from Kinali Gieleri to Istanbul Park Service has 139.2km, with 8 lanes (4x4), and from Odayeri-K10 to Istanbul Atatrk Airport has 30.4km. The Byzantine Empire was restored, albeit weakened, in 1261. Chestnut, oak, elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the most prominent tree genera. [62] On 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. [142], Istanbul does not have a primary urban park, but it has several green areas. In the re-run mamolu gathered 54.22% of the total vote and widened the defeat margin. [241] Movie theaters rapidly cropped up in Beyolu, with the greatest concentration of theaters being along the street now known as stiklal Avenue. [76] Modern facilities, such as a water supply network, electricity, telephones, and trams, were gradually introduced to Constantinople over the following decades, although later than to other European cities. [191] Although the initial Kurdish presence in the city dates back to the early Ottoman period,[194] the majority of Kurds in the city originate from villages in eastern and southeastern Turkey. [227] While the project was still on Turkey's agenda in 2020, there has not been a clear date set for it. Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; and Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. [214][215][216], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. Along stiklal Avenue is the iek Pasaj (Flower Passage), a 19th-century shopping gallery which is today home to winehouses (known as meyhanes), pubs and restaurants. Despite its development as a Turkish city since 1453, it contains many ancient, Roman, Byzantine, Christian, Muslim, and Jewish monuments. [141] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. WebIstanbul is located on two sides over two continents, one of which is the European side (Avrupa Yakas) and the other is the Asian side (Anadolu Yakas). Modern authors have linked it to the Thracian toponym Lygos,[31] mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century. [131] Galata (Karaky) is today a quarter within the Beyolu (Pera) district, which forms Istanbul's commercial and entertainment center and includes stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square. [136] Much of the Asian side of the Bosporus functions as a suburb of the economic and commercial centers in European Istanbul, accounting for a third of the city's population but only a quarter of its employment. [15] In 2019, companies based in Istanbul produced exports worth $83.66 billion and received imports totaling $128.34 billion; these figures were equivalent to 47 percent and 61 percent, respectively, of the national totals. WebCompare the size of the most important cities in the world and find out interesting facts about them. Roman Empire 196395 (Capital between 330395) The city was founded as Byzantium (Greek: , Byzantion) in the 7th century BCE by Greek settlers from Megara. In the run-up to local elections in 2019, Erdoan claimed 'if we fail in Istanbul, we will fail in Turkey'. [79] A series of wars in the early 20th century, such as the Italo-Turkish War (19111912) and the Balkan Wars (19121913), plagued the ailing empire's capital and resulted in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'tat, which brought the regime of the Three Pashas. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, In English the stress is on the first or last syllable, but in Turkish it is on the second syllable (-tan-). Since 2004, the municipal boundaries of Istanbul have been coincident with the boundaries of its province. [319] In 2011, the first and second bridges on the Bosphorus carried 400,000 vehicles each day. Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with a vast building scheme that included the construction of towering mosques and ornate palaces. [228], Istanbul has been an international banking hub since the 1980s,[15] and is home to the only active stock exchange in Turkey, Borsa Istanbul, which was originally established as the Ottoman Stock Exchange in 1866. The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on 24 July 1923, and the occupation of Constantinople ended with the departure of the last forces of the Allies from the city on 4 October 1923. [41] Long allied with the Romans, Byzantium officially became a part of the Roman Empire in 73 CE. [70] There was a huge new palace to rival, if not overshadow, the old one, a new covered market (still standing as the Grand Bazaar), porticoes, pavilions, walkways, as well as more than a dozen new mosques. [244] The Turkish film industry ramped up in the second half of the century, and with Uzak (2002) and My Father and My Son (2005), both filmed in Istanbul, the nation's movies began to see substantial international success. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. [291] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. Although the real population of Moscow is subject to debate, it may be closer to 15 mil. Rent is very high in Istanbul in relation to income. [177], Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. [281] Istanbul Park was also a venue of the World Touring Car Championship and the European Le Mans Series in 2005 and 2006, but the track has not seen either of these competitions since then. [14] Istanbul is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish companies, accounting for more than thirty percent of the country's economy. Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four (including Chalcedon (Kadky) on the Asian side) of the first seven ecumenical councils (all of which were in present-day Turkey) before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. How to Choose SizeXS36R, S38R, M40R, L42R, XL44R, XXL46R. [57] Hagia Sophia was converted to a Catholic church in 1204. Furthermore, during early and mid-winter, the city's frequency of precipitation is virtually unparalleled in the Mediterranean basin; January averages 20 days of precipitation when counting trace accumulations,[103] 17 when using a 0.1mm threshold, and 12 when using a 1.0mm threshold. 2.23M. A follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974, In the Ottoman period the inner core of the city, inside the city walls, came to be known as "stanbul" in Turkish and "Stamboul" in the West. This moderates temperature swings and produces a mild temperate climate with low diurnal temperature variation. Istanbul's weather is strongly influenced by the Sea of Marmara to the south, and the Black Sea to the north. WebHow does Istanbul compare to Paris? [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). [322] The O-7 motorway connects Istanbul Atatrk Airport with Istanbul Airport. The 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix was initially cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[280] but on 25 June 2021, it was announced that the 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix will take place on 3 October 2021. [316][317][318] The density of expressway network is 16.8km/100km2. WebIt offers 109% more cargo space. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. In: Edhem, Eldem. WebMoscow and Istanbul are about equal in size (2,5 thousand sq km), while Istanbul has a larger population (15 mil vs 12 mil). Trk Telekom Arena opened in 2011 to replace Ali Sami Yen Stadium as Galatasaray's home turf,[269][270] while Vodafone Park, opened in 2016 to replace BJK nn Stadium as the home turf of Beikta, hosted the 2019 UEFA Super Cup game. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. [100] Within the city, rainfall varies widely owing to the rain shadow of the hills in Istanbul, from around 600 millimeters (24in) on the southern fringe at Florya to 1,200 millimeters (47in) on the northern fringe at Baheky. Historians disagreesometimes substantiallyon population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century. [64][65], Following the conquest of Constantinople,[f] Mehmed II immediately set out to revitalize the city. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). The Neolithic settlement in the Yenikap quarter on the European side, which dates back to c. 6500 BCE and predates the formation of the Bosporus strait by approximately a millennium (when the Sea of Marmara was still a lake)[147] was discovered during the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. ", "23 Haziran 2019 Sandk Analizi ve Semen Kmeleri", "How Istanbul won back its crown as heart of the Muslim world", "Istanbul: An Unlikely Refuge for Exiled Journalists", "Arab Exiles Sound Off Freely in Istanbul Even as Turkey Muffles Its Own Critics", "Why dissidents are gathering in Istanbul", "Syrian migrants in Turkey face deadline to leave Istanbul", "Greeks in Istanbul keeping close eye on developments", "Assyrian community thrives again in southeastern Turkey", "Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour - Jewish Virtual Library", "Why Jews in Terror-stricken Turkey Aren't Fleeing to Israel Yet", "Erdoan: 'stanbul'da teklersek, Trkiye'de tkezleriz', "A Turkish Opposition Leader Is Fighting Erdoan With 'Radical Love', "Erdoan's defeat in Istanbul shows opposition's changing tactics", "Istanbul election rerun set to be won by opposition, in blow to Erdogan", "Panoramic view of the modern skyline of Istanbul's European side, with the skyscrapers of Levent at the center and the Bosphorus Bridge (1973) at right", "A view of the skyscrapers in Levent from Sporcular Park", "Regions and Cities in Turkey at a Glance in 2018", "Istanbul's new Bosphorus canal 'to surpass Suez or Panama", "The Imperial Ottoman Bank Patrimoines Partags ", "nBorsa Istanbul: A Story of Transformation", "Istanbul Aims to Outshine Dubai With $2.6 Billion Bank Center", "Istanbul Finance Center to open in 2022, gains traction from Middle East", "Turkey expects cruise tourism boom in 2022", "10 of the Best Exhibitions at the Istanbul Biennial", "Abdi peki Avenue to be new Champs Elysee", "Shopping in Singapore is Better than Paris", "A Big Night Out in Istanbul And a Big Breakfast the Morning After", "Managing the Difficult Balance Between Tourism and Authenticity", "Turkey's LGBT community draws hope from Harvey Milk", "Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus", "UEFA Champions League 2007/08 History Fenerbahe", "Puan Durumu: 20152016 Sezonu 30. [61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. [10][11] The city grew in size and influence, eventually becoming a beacon of the Silk Road and one of the most important cities in history. WebIstanbul Airport Transfer / Private Airport Transfer: $3.73 Istanbul Airports Transfer: $6.22 istanbul airport cheapest vip transfer by private car: $14 Safe Airport transfer service in istanbul: $16 Private Airport Transfer Arrival or Departure in Istanbul: $17 [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. [125][126][127] If trends continue, sea level rise is likely to affect city infrastructure, for example Kadkoy metro station is threatened with flooding. [92] Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction.[93][94]. [229], In 1995, keeping up with the financial trends, Borsa Istanbul moved its headquarters (which was originally located on Bankalar Caddesi, the financial center of the Ottoman Empire,[229] and later at the 4th Vakf Han building in Sirkeci) to stinye, in the vicinity of Maslak, which hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish banks. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the straitBosporus, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. Istanbul also has an active nightlife and historic taverns, a signature characteristic of the city for centuries, if not millennia. Mediterranean monk seals were present in Bosporus, and Princes' Islands and Tuzla shores were seal breeding areas during summer, but they have not been observed in Istanbul since the 1960s and thought to be extinct in the region. The Fourth Crusade was diverted from its purpose in 1204, and the city was sacked and pillaged by the crusaders. 30 million. Byzantine Empire 12611453 Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city. [151], Built in porphyry and erected at the center of the Forum of Constantine in 330 CE to mark the founding of the new Roman capital, the Column of Constantine was originally adorned with a sculpture of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great depicted as the solar god Apollo on its top, which fell in 1106 and was later replaced by a cross during the reign of Byzantine emperor Manuel Komnenos (r. Restaurants featuring foreign cuisines are mainly concentrated in the Beyolu, Beikta, ili and Kadky districts. But I presume that Istanbul has a similar problem. [148] It was brought from Delphi in 324 CE, during the reign of Constantine the Great, and also erected at the spina of the Hippodrome. [313] Turkey has more hospitals accredited by the U.S.-based Joint Commission than any other country in the world, with most concentrated in its big cities. Environmentalist groups worry that the third bridge will endanger the remaining green areas to the north of Istanbul. [45] Two months later, he laid out the plans for a new, Christian city to replace Byzantium. It [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. [286][287], Most state-run radio and television stations are based in Ankara, but Istanbul is the primary hub of Turkish media. Cognizant that revitalization would fail without the repopulation of the city, Mehmed II welcomed everyoneforeigners, criminals, and runaways showing extraordinary openness and willingness to incorporate outsiders that came to define Ottoman political culture. [19] Constantinople comes from the Latin name Constantinus, after Constantine the Great, the Roman emperor who refounded the city in 324 CE. [300], Istanbul's first water supply systems date back to the city's early history, when aqueducts (such as the Valens Aqueduct) deposited the water in the city's numerous cisterns. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. [328][329] The Tnel opened in 1875 as the world's second-oldest subterranean rail line (after London's Metropolitan Railway). [109][107][110], As with virtually every part of the world, climate change is causing more heatwaves,[119] droughts,[120] storms,[121] and flooding[122][123] in Istanbul. [15], Haydarpaa, at the southeastern end of the Bosporus, was Istanbul's largest port until the early 2000s. [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. Because of their restaurants, historic summer mansions, and tranquil, car-free streets, the Prince Islands are a popular vacation destination among Istanbulites and foreign tourists.[260]. Persian Empire 512 BC478 BC [357][358] Atatrk had also experienced rapid growth, as its 20.6 percent rise in passenger traffic between 2011 and 2012 was the highest among the world's top 30 airports. [290] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. [235], Much of Turkey's cultural scene had its roots in Istanbul, and by the 1980s and 1990s Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory. [171] All representatives on the committee are appointed by the metropolitan mayor and the council, with the mayoror someone of his or her choosingserving as head. [15] In 2019, Ambarl, on the western edge of the urban center, had an annual capacity of 3,104,882 TEUs, making it the third-largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean basin. [196] Following Turkey's support for the Arab Spring, Istanbul emerged as a hub for dissidents from across the Arab world, including former presidential candidates from Egypt, Kuwaiti MPs, and former ministers from Jordan, Saudi Arabia (including Jamal Khashoggi), Syria, and Yemen. [73], A period of rebellion at the start of the 19th century led to the rise of the progressive Sultan Mahmud II and eventually to the Tanzimat period, which produced political reforms and allowed new technology to be introduced to the city. [191], With estimates ranging from 2 to 4 million, Kurds form one of the largest ethnic minorities in Istanbul and are the biggest group after Turks among Turkish citizens. A married women is also registered to her husband's province. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. [182], Istanbul ranks as the seventh-largest city proper in the world, and the second-largest urban agglomeration in Europe, after Moscow. Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. Wild land mammals are mainly concentrated in the northern forested areas of Istanbul. [95] Considering past data,[124] it is very likely that these two factors are responsible for urban Istanbul's shift, from a warm-summer climate to a hot-summer one in the Kppen climate classification, and from the cool temperate zone to the warm temperate/subtropical zone in the Trewartha climate classification. A transcontinental city S38R, M40R, L42R, XL44R, XXL46R 92 ] Spring and are! The total vote and widened the defeat margin Crusade was diverted from purpose... Pillaged by the Sea of Marmara to the north ] Hagia Sophia was converted to Catholic! The city 's other largest ethnic minority, with an estimated population of is. Preferable for those who can afford them to 15 mil in relation to income cultural heart, Istanbul had country! 290 ] as public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for who! Boundaries of Istanbul we fail in Istanbul, we will fail in Istanbul in relation to income Haydarpaa at! 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